Some Best Preserved Courtyard Homes that are open to visitors in Beijing
- Prince Gong's Mansion: World's Largest Courtyard House. The former imperial residence and landscaped gardens are
thought to be the setting for the one of Chinese four great classical novels, Dream of the Red Mansions. - Former residence of Meilangfang: Once belonged to Peking Opera star Mei Lanfang.
- Lu Xun Museum: This is the house where Lu Xun, the father of modern Chinese literature, lived from 1924 to 1926.
- Former residence of Lao She: Home of notable Chinese writer Lao She who was born in Beijing, lived in Beijing, wrote
Beijing in his whole life. - Former residence of Song QIngling: now a museum for Song Qing-ling (1892-1981), wife of Sun Yat-sen, the founder
of the Republic of China. The gardens surrounding the house are beautiful. - Former Residence of Guo Moruo: Guo Moruo was one of China's most prominent writers and poets. Guo's estate
occupies grounds used for stables of the Prince Gong mansion. Before 1963 when Guo moved in, it was the residence
of Song Qingling. - Former Residence of Mao Dun: This residence is the modest but comfortable dwelling where the writer lived from 1974.
Back Lake (Houhai) Hutong Stroll
Start: Huitong Ci (Subway Line 2 at Jishuitan, exit B).
Finish: Mei Lanfang Guju, west side of Qian Hai (Subway Line 2 at Jishuitan, exit C).
Time: 4 hours.
Best times: Any time between 9am and noon.
Worst times: Mondays, when some sites are closed. Weekends can also be crowded.
Back Lake - Houhai Hutong Walking Tour Map
There is, quite simply, no finer place to walk in Beijing. The Back Lakes area (Shicha Hai) is composed of three idyllic lakes --
Qian Hai (Front Lake), Hou Hai (Back Lake), and Xi Hai (West Lake) -- and the tree-shaded neighborhoods that surround
them. Combined with other man-made pools to the south, these lakes were once part of a system used to transport grain by
barge from the Grand Canal to the Forbidden City. Prior to 1911, this was an exclusive area, and only people with
connections to the imperial family were permitted to maintain houses here (a situation that seems destined to return). A
profusion of bars and cafes has sprung up around the lakes in recent years, providing ample opportunities to take breaks
from your walk.
Beyond the lakes, stretching out to the east and west is the city's best-maintained network of hutong. Many families have
lived in these lanes for generations, their insular communities a last link to Old Beijing.
Begin at a park just outside the Jishui Tan metro station (exit B) along the south side of the busy Second Ring Road at:
1. Huitong Ci (Huitong Temple, 汇通祠）
This ancestral hall cum Buddhist temple dates from the Ming, but little of antiquity remains. The point of visiting is to climb to
the top for a view of the road ahead. The nearest lake is Xi Hai, followed by Hou Hai and the spires of the Bell Tower (to the
left) and Drum Tower.
Retrace your steps, turn left as you exit the park, and then left again to follow Ban Qiao Tou Tiao as it snakes around the
side of Xi Hai. Cross busy Desheng Men Nei Dajie, and take the next left turn to follow the north side of Hou Hai to:
2. Former Residence of Song Qing-ling (Song Qingling Guju, 宋庆龄故居)
Address: 46 Hou Hai Bei Yan, Dongcheng District
Opening hours: 9am to 4:30pm
Admission; RMB 20
This former imperial palace once famously housed Song Qing-ling (Soong Ching-ling) (1892-1981), wife of Sun Yat-sen,
modern China's founder. While her family became leading supporters of the Guomindang (Nationalists), Song Qing-ling
steered a more neutral course, displaying some measure of sympathy for the Communists only after her husband's death in
1925. Mao Zedong gave Song this beautiful lakeside compound in 1963. She lived here until her death in 1981, devoting
much of her time to the eduction of the city's children. Generally regarded as a secular saint by the establishment, her
residence now functions as a popular museum honoring her life. The grounds are well-kept, making them the most popular
spot in Beijing for soon-to-be-weds to be photographed. The displays include the pistol Sun Yat-sen gave her as a wedding
present. The exhibition on her life seems to contain nearly every article of clothing she wore and every letter she wrote. It's
all a little too perfect. China's last emperor, Henry Puyi, is said to have been born on this site.
Turn left and continue southeast along Hou Hai Bei Yan to the:
3. Exercise Yard
On the right-hand side of the road, stretch your limbs and meet some locals. There's table tennis on offer, and Beijing's
hardiest swimmers take the plunge from here -- year-round! Joining the swimmers is not recommended: There's a reason
they wash themselves so quickly when they get out. Just south of here is a picturesque former royal residence, Chun
Qinwang Fu.
Continue along the lakeshore, take the second left, and immediately turn right into Ya'er Hutong. On your left is:
4. Guanghua Si （Guanghua Temple, 广化寺）
Address: 31 Yaer Hutong,Gulou Xi Dajie, Dongcheng District
A Buddhist temple dating back to the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368), this complex originally comprised over 20 buildings. Only a
few of the buildings remain. In residence are at least 20 monks, many from southern China. China's last known eunuch, Sun
Yaoting, was caretaker of the temple for 2 decades, and died here in 1996. Admission is allowed on the 1st and 15th days of
the lunar month, when the temple is filled with locals praying for the success of their latest business ventures.
At this point you can make an optional detour eastward to the:
5. Drum Tower (Gu Lou, 鼓楼) and Bell Tower (Zhong Lou, 钟楼)
Address: Dianmen Da Jie, Dongcheng District 东城区地安门大街
Opening hours: 9am to 5pm
Admission; RMB 20 for the Drum Tower; RMB 15 for the Bell Tower
The vaguely trapezoidal drumTower with its bright yellow tile roof is the most conspicuous structure north of the old Imperial
City. Climb up to the top floor for a great bird’s-eye view of the surrounding hutongs and the urban sprawl beyond. The
drumming performances are held daily from 9 to 11:30am and 1:30 to 5 pm. Good views are also on offer at the striking Bell
Tower, which boasts a 63-ton bell that’s rung on important occasions like Chinese New Year.
Walk south on Di'an Men Wai Dajie and take the first right onto Yandai Xie Jie, home to some of Beijing's trendiest bars and
cafes. Bear left until you reach:
6. Yinding Qiao (Silver Ingot Bridge, 银锭桥)
This white marble bridge, which marks the boundary between Hou Hai and Qian Hai, has stood here for centuries, although
the latest version is the work of modern masons (1984). Standing on this bridge in the 18th century, the Qianlong emperor
could see as far as the Western Hills, and he deemed it one of the Eight Great Views of Beijing. Air quality has dropped
since, but there's plenty of entertainment below the bridge, where the rowboats of romantically minded oarsmen bump bows.
Cross the bridge and turn right. Take the winding road along the southwest shore of Hou Hai past a jumble of cafes, bars,
and shops, and stop for a bite or a paddle :
Take a Break--Turn left before you cross the bridge, immediately on your left is an impressive four-story structure. This is
Nuage, which delivers pricey but heavenly Vietnamese cuisine amid delightful colonial ambience. If the weather is fine, aim
for a seat on the rooftop.
If you're not sufficiently rested, turn left as you exit and hire a rowboat or a "duck boat" (yazi chuan) and go for a paddle
around the lake for about ¥50 ($6) per hour. In winter, pull on a pair of ice skates for only ¥20 ($2.50).
Cross the bridge and turn right. Continue northwest as the road leaves the lakeshore, taking a sharp left turn at a wide
intersection into Liuyin Jie. Keep to the left side and you'll soon come to:
7. Prince Gong's Mansion (Gong Wang Fu, 恭王府)
Address: 14A Liuyin Jie, Dongcheng District
Opening hours: 8:30am to 4:30pm
PHone: 010-6616-8149
Admission; RMB 20, RMB60 for a guided tour with an opera performance.
This is the most lavish of the courtyard residences in the Back Lakes. Inside is one of the city's most spectacular gardens, a
combination of pavilions and rockeries perfectly arranged to make it all seem larger than it really is. The 1777 mansion was
occupied by Heshen, a corrupt eunuch who was rumored to be the emperor Qianlong's lover. Later, it became the home of
Prince Gong, who negotiated on behalf of China at the end of the Second Opium War. You're only seeing part of the picture
-- the original complex, built by the corrupt eunuch Heshen (said to have been Qianlong's lover), was even larger. More
extravagant buildings, built entirely from the rare nanmu (cedar), are housed in the National Arts Research Institute
(Zhongguo Yishu Yanjiuyuan) next door.
Turn left as you exit, continue past the touts to turn right at a T-junction. On your right, you'll soon pass another prince's
mansion, Qing Wang Fu. This spectacular residence is occupied by the army, so there's no chance of admission. Cross
Desheng Men Nei Dajie, and on your right is:
8. Former residence of Mei Lanfang (Mei Lanfang Guju, 梅兰芳纪念馆)
Address: 9 Huguosi Dajie, Dongcheng District
Opening hours: 9am to 4pm (Tues-Sun)
PHone: 010-6618-3598
Admission; RMB 10
This is the superbly preserved courtyard residence of Beijing opera's most eminent star, Most intriguing is the exhibition of
postures and hand gestures that Mei produced while at the height of his powers in 1935. Specific postures and hand
gestures used to convey shyness, dozing, and mild surprise hint at the intricacies of the art form.
Winding Down--Turn left as you exit, and continue straight to rejoin the lakes at Qian Hai. On your right is Lotus Lane, which
sports Starbucks, Kosmo. We recommend you continue on to Yinding Qiao to find Hutong Pizza.
Start: Huitong Ci (Subway Line 2 at Jishuitan, exit B).
Finish: Mei Lanfang Guju, west side of Qian Hai (Subway Line 2 at Jishuitan, exit C).
Time: 4 hours.
Best times: Any time between 9am and noon.
Worst times: Mondays, when some sites are closed. Weekends can also be crowded.
Back Lake - Houhai Hutong Walking Tour Map
There is, quite simply, no finer place to walk in Beijing. The Back Lakes area (Shicha Hai) is composed of three idyllic lakes --
Qian Hai (Front Lake), Hou Hai (Back Lake), and Xi Hai (West Lake) -- and the tree-shaded neighborhoods that surround
them. Combined with other man-made pools to the south, these lakes were once part of a system used to transport grain by
barge from the Grand Canal to the Forbidden City. Prior to 1911, this was an exclusive area, and only people with
connections to the imperial family were permitted to maintain houses here (a situation that seems destined to return). A
profusion of bars and cafes has sprung up around the lakes in recent years, providing ample opportunities to take breaks
from your walk.
Beyond the lakes, stretching out to the east and west is the city's best-maintained network of hutong. Many families have
lived in these lanes for generations, their insular communities a last link to Old Beijing.
Begin at a park just outside the Jishui Tan metro station (exit B) along the south side of the busy Second Ring Road at:
1. Huitong Ci (Huitong Temple, 汇通祠）
This ancestral hall cum Buddhist temple dates from the Ming, but little of antiquity remains. The point of visiting is to climb to
the top for a view of the road ahead. The nearest lake is Xi Hai, followed by Hou Hai and the spires of the Bell Tower (to the
left) and Drum Tower.
Retrace your steps, turn left as you exit the park, and then left again to follow Ban Qiao Tou Tiao as it snakes around the
side of Xi Hai. Cross busy Desheng Men Nei Dajie, and take the next left turn to follow the north side of Hou Hai to:
2. Former Residence of Song Qing-ling (Song Qingling Guju, 宋庆龄故居)
Address: 46 Hou Hai Bei Yan, Dongcheng District
Opening hours: 9am to 4:30pm
Admission; RMB 20
This former imperial palace once famously housed Song Qing-ling (Soong Ching-ling) (1892-1981), wife of Sun Yat-sen,
modern China's founder. While her family became leading supporters of the Guomindang (Nationalists), Song Qing-ling
steered a more neutral course, displaying some measure of sympathy for the Communists only after her husband's death in
1925. Mao Zedong gave Song this beautiful lakeside compound in 1963. She lived here until her death in 1981, devoting
much of her time to the eduction of the city's children. Generally regarded as a secular saint by the establishment, her
residence now functions as a popular museum honoring her life. The grounds are well-kept, making them the most popular
spot in Beijing for soon-to-be-weds to be photographed. The displays include the pistol Sun Yat-sen gave her as a wedding
present. The exhibition on her life seems to contain nearly every article of clothing she wore and every letter she wrote. It's
all a little too perfect. China's last emperor, Henry Puyi, is said to have been born on this site.
Turn left and continue southeast along Hou Hai Bei Yan to the:
3. Exercise Yard
On the right-hand side of the road, stretch your limbs and meet some locals. There's table tennis on offer, and Beijing's
hardiest swimmers take the plunge from here -- year-round! Joining the swimmers is not recommended: There's a reason
they wash themselves so quickly when they get out. Just south of here is a picturesque former royal residence, Chun
Qinwang Fu.
Continue along the lakeshore, take the second left, and immediately turn right into Ya'er Hutong. On your left is:
4. Guanghua Si （Guanghua Temple, 广化寺）
Address: 31 Yaer Hutong,Gulou Xi Dajie, Dongcheng District
A Buddhist temple dating back to the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368), this complex originally comprised over 20 buildings. Only a
few of the buildings remain. In residence are at least 20 monks, many from southern China. China's last known eunuch, Sun
Yaoting, was caretaker of the temple for 2 decades, and died here in 1996. Admission is allowed on the 1st and 15th days of
the lunar month, when the temple is filled with locals praying for the success of their latest business ventures.
At this point you can make an optional detour eastward to the:
5. Drum Tower (Gu Lou, 鼓楼) and Bell Tower (Zhong Lou, 钟楼)
Address: Dianmen Da Jie, Dongcheng District 东城区地安门大街
Opening hours: 9am to 5pm
Admission; RMB 20 for the Drum Tower; RMB 15 for the Bell Tower
The vaguely trapezoidal drumTower with its bright yellow tile roof is the most conspicuous structure north of the old Imperial
City. Climb up to the top floor for a great bird’s-eye view of the surrounding hutongs and the urban sprawl beyond. The
drumming performances are held daily from 9 to 11:30am and 1:30 to 5 pm. Good views are also on offer at the striking Bell
Tower, which boasts a 63-ton bell that’s rung on important occasions like Chinese New Year.
Walk south on Di'an Men Wai Dajie and take the first right onto Yandai Xie Jie, home to some of Beijing's trendiest bars and
cafes. Bear left until you reach:
6. Yinding Qiao (Silver Ingot Bridge, 银锭桥)
This white marble bridge, which marks the boundary between Hou Hai and Qian Hai, has stood here for centuries, although
the latest version is the work of modern masons (1984). Standing on this bridge in the 18th century, the Qianlong emperor
could see as far as the Western Hills, and he deemed it one of the Eight Great Views of Beijing. Air quality has dropped
since, but there's plenty of entertainment below the bridge, where the rowboats of romantically minded oarsmen bump bows.
Cross the bridge and turn right. Take the winding road along the southwest shore of Hou Hai past a jumble of cafes, bars,
and shops, and stop for a bite or a paddle :
Take a Break--Turn left before you cross the bridge, immediately on your left is an impressive four-story structure. This is
Nuage, which delivers pricey but heavenly Vietnamese cuisine amid delightful colonial ambience. If the weather is fine, aim
for a seat on the rooftop.
If you're not sufficiently rested, turn left as you exit and hire a rowboat or a "duck boat" (yazi chuan) and go for a paddle
around the lake for about ¥50 ($6) per hour. In winter, pull on a pair of ice skates for only ¥20 ($2.50).
Cross the bridge and turn right. Continue northwest as the road leaves the lakeshore, taking a sharp left turn at a wide
intersection into Liuyin Jie. Keep to the left side and you'll soon come to:
7. Prince Gong's Mansion (Gong Wang Fu, 恭王府)
Address: 14A Liuyin Jie, Dongcheng District
Opening hours: 8:30am to 4:30pm
PHone: 010-6616-8149
Admission; RMB 20, RMB60 for a guided tour with an opera performance.
This is the most lavish of the courtyard residences in the Back Lakes. Inside is one of the city's most spectacular gardens, a
combination of pavilions and rockeries perfectly arranged to make it all seem larger than it really is. The 1777 mansion was
occupied by Heshen, a corrupt eunuch who was rumored to be the emperor Qianlong's lover. Later, it became the home of
Prince Gong, who negotiated on behalf of China at the end of the Second Opium War. You're only seeing part of the picture
-- the original complex, built by the corrupt eunuch Heshen (said to have been Qianlong's lover), was even larger. More
extravagant buildings, built entirely from the rare nanmu (cedar), are housed in the National Arts Research Institute
(Zhongguo Yishu Yanjiuyuan) next door.
Turn left as you exit, continue past the touts to turn right at a T-junction. On your right, you'll soon pass another prince's
mansion, Qing Wang Fu. This spectacular residence is occupied by the army, so there's no chance of admission. Cross
Desheng Men Nei Dajie, and on your right is:
8. Former residence of Mei Lanfang (Mei Lanfang Guju, 梅兰芳纪念馆)
Address: 9 Huguosi Dajie, Dongcheng District
Opening hours: 9am to 4pm (Tues-Sun)
PHone: 010-6618-3598
Admission; RMB 10
This is the superbly preserved courtyard residence of Beijing opera's most eminent star, Most intriguing is the exhibition of
postures and hand gestures that Mei produced while at the height of his powers in 1935. Specific postures and hand
gestures used to convey shyness, dozing, and mild surprise hint at the intricacies of the art form.
Winding Down--Turn left as you exit, and continue straight to rejoin the lakes at Qian Hai. On your right is Lotus Lane, which
sports Starbucks, Kosmo. We recommend you continue on to Yinding Qiao to find Hutong Pizza.
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北京的胡同和四合院
北京的胡同
胡同，是北京特有的一种古老的城市小巷。北京的胡同最早起源于元代，最多时有6000多条，它们围绕在紫禁城周围，大部分形成
于中国历史上的元、明、清三个朝代。在这些朝代的鼎盛时期，帝王为了“建皇极而隆上仪”，“袭周官之制度地居民”。北京城以皇宫
为中心，街道全部按经纬排列。正规的胡同，集中在皇宫附近的东西两侧，沿街道由南向北整齐的排列，其中民居多为皇亲贵族。
简陋的胡同，大多在离皇宫较远的南北两个方向，其中民居多为商贾平民。南北走向的一般为街，相对较宽，如从北京火车站到朝
阳门内大街的南小街和北小街，因过去以走马车为主，所以也叫马路。东西走向的一般为胡同，相对较窄，以走人为主.
从地理位置上划分，前门以北的胡同一般较宽，规划比较整齐，前门以南的胡同一般较窄，规划也不整齐。因为在清代时，清政府
为了安全，不允许外地来京人员住在京城内，所以外地人集中住在前门和崇文门外，也因此形成了前门商业区；在外来人员中许多
是来京赶考的举人，因此形成了琉璃厂文化街，天桥地区有许多娱乐场所，北京的剧院也都集中在南城。
北京的胡同
胡同，是北京特有的一种古老的城市小巷。北京的胡同最早起源于元代，最多时有6000多条，它们围绕在紫禁城周围，大部分形成
于中国历史上的元、明、清三个朝代。在这些朝代的鼎盛时期，帝王为了“建皇极而隆上仪”，“袭周官之制度地居民”。北京城以皇宫
为中心，街道全部按经纬排列。正规的胡同，集中在皇宫附近的东西两侧，沿街道由南向北整齐的排列，其中民居多为皇亲贵族。
简陋的胡同，大多在离皇宫较远的南北两个方向，其中民居多为商贾平民。南北走向的一般为街，相对较宽，如从北京火车站到朝
阳门内大街的南小街和北小街，因过去以走马车为主，所以也叫马路。东西走向的一般为胡同，相对较窄，以走人为主.
从地理位置上划分，前门以北的胡同一般较宽，规划比较整齐，前门以南的胡同一般较窄，规划也不整齐。因为在清代时，清政府
为了安全，不允许外地来京人员住在京城内，所以外地人集中住在前门和崇文门外，也因此形成了前门商业区；在外来人员中许多
是来京赶考的举人，因此形成了琉璃厂文化街，天桥地区有许多娱乐场所，北京的剧院也都集中在南城。
北京胡同之最
北京最窄的胡同是前门外大栅栏地区的钱市胡同，胡同最窄处只有0.4米。胡同最长的要数东、西交民巷了。这条胡同与长安街
平行，在长安街南面，东西走向，东起崇文门内大街，西至北新华街。它仅比从东单到西单实际长八里的长安街短1.5里。还有些曲
折幽深的胡同呈九曲回肠之状，如北新桥原有一条“九道弯”，实际有20多道弯，后划分成五条胡同；在前门外也有个“九道弯”，实则
要拐13个弯。
最长的胡同 东交民巷（全长3公里）
最短的胡同 一尺大街（仅长25.2米）
最宽的胡同 灵境胡同，最宽处32.18米
最窄的胡同 小喇叭口胡同（北口不足0.6米）
拐弯最多的胡同 九弯胡同
最古老的胡同 砖塔胡同（在元朝已经存在）
仅存的过街楼 观音院过街楼
北京最窄的胡同是前门外大栅栏地区的钱市胡同，胡同最窄处只有0.4米。胡同最长的要数东、西交民巷了。这条胡同与长安街
平行，在长安街南面，东西走向，东起崇文门内大街，西至北新华街。它仅比从东单到西单实际长八里的长安街短1.5里。还有些曲
折幽深的胡同呈九曲回肠之状，如北新桥原有一条“九道弯”，实际有20多道弯，后划分成五条胡同；在前门外也有个“九道弯”，实则
要拐13个弯。
最长的胡同 东交民巷（全长3公里）
最短的胡同 一尺大街（仅长25.2米）
最宽的胡同 灵境胡同，最宽处32.18米
最窄的胡同 小喇叭口胡同（北口不足0.6米）
拐弯最多的胡同 九弯胡同
最古老的胡同 砖塔胡同（在元朝已经存在）
仅存的过街楼 观音院过街楼
北京的四合院
胡同中主要建筑几乎全部是四合院。这是一种由东西南北四座房屋，以四四方方对称形式围在一起构成的封闭式建筑。根据其中居
民社会地位的高低贵贱，它有繁简大小之分。高官富贾的大四合院，建筑考究，庭院廊柱、雕廊画栋，附带前后跨院。平民百姓的
小四合院，构筑简单，门面狭窄，房墙低矮。胡同，实质上是许许多多、大大小小、一个紧挨一个地排列起来的四合院之间的通
道。
胡同中主要建筑几乎全部是四合院。这是一种由东西南北四座房屋，以四四方方对称形式围在一起构成的封闭式建筑。根据其中居
民社会地位的高低贵贱，它有繁简大小之分。高官富贾的大四合院，建筑考究，庭院廊柱、雕廊画栋，附带前后跨院。平民百姓的
小四合院，构筑简单，门面狭窄，房墙低矮。胡同，实质上是许许多多、大大小小、一个紧挨一个地排列起来的四合院之间的通
道。
为便于采光，讲究的四合院都坐北朝南，其排列结果使胡同多数成为东西走向。为了便于沟通，在较大胡同之间又有许多南北走向的
小胡同。整座北京城，如同放大的四合院，东西南北基本对称，布局严谨，气势壮观，周围加高墙以矩形圈围，整齐划一。
北京市区内，胡同占据着近三分之一的面积，居住着近半数的人口。胡同不仅过去而且现在仍然是许许多多北京人生息与共的地方。
如果把每一条胡同都串联起来，可以组成一座新旧北京在历史交错、重叠、位移过程中的胡同的“万里长城”。
中国北方的传统民居，总的特点是以院落（或天井）为核心，依外实内虚的原则和中轴对称格局规整地布置各种用房。其中以北京四
合院水平最高，也最为典型，是中国汉族传统民居的优秀代表。
小胡同。整座北京城，如同放大的四合院，东西南北基本对称，布局严谨，气势壮观，周围加高墙以矩形圈围，整齐划一。
北京市区内，胡同占据着近三分之一的面积，居住着近半数的人口。胡同不仅过去而且现在仍然是许许多多北京人生息与共的地方。
如果把每一条胡同都串联起来，可以组成一座新旧北京在历史交错、重叠、位移过程中的胡同的“万里长城”。
中国北方的传统民居，总的特点是以院落（或天井）为核心，依外实内虚的原则和中轴对称格局规整地布置各种用房。其中以北京四
合院水平最高，也最为典型，是中国汉族传统民居的优秀代表。
北京四合院规模小的只有一院，多数有前（外）后（内）二院。外院横长，大门开在前左角即东南角，进入大门，迎面在外院东厢
房的山墙上筑砖影壁一座，与大门组成一个小小的过渡空间。由此西转进入外院。大门之西正对民居中轴的南房称“倒座”，作客房，
外院还有男仆室及厨、厕；由外院通过一座垂花门式的中门进入方阔的内院，即全宅主院。
北面正房称“堂”，大多为三间，遵守着明清朝廷“庶民庐舍不过三间五架，不许用斗拱，饰彩色”的规定。正房开间和进深尺寸都比厢
房大，故体量最大。正房左右接出耳房，由尊者长辈居住。耳房前有小小的角院，十分安静，所以也常用作书房。这种一正房两耳
房的布局称作“纱帽翅”。正房前，院子两侧各建厢房，其前沿不超越正房山墙，所以院落宽度适中，空间感觉甚好。
厢房是后辈们的居室。正房、厢房朝向院子都有前廊，用"抄手游廊"把垂花门与这三座房屋的前廊连接起来，可以沿廊走通，不必经
过露天。廊边常设坐凳栏杆，可在廊内坐赏院中花树。所有房屋都采用青瓦硬山顶。正房之后有时有一长排"后照房"，或作居室，或
为杂屋。较大的民居可以在堂后再接出一座四合院，以居内眷。或更在全宅一侧接出另外一组四合院，也有的在一侧接出宅园.
北京四合院亲切宁静，有浓厚的生活气息，庭院方阔，尺度合宜，院中莳花置石，一般种植海棠树，列石榴盆景，以大缸养金鱼，
寓意吉利，是十分理想的室外生活空间，好比一座露天的大起居室，把天地拉近人心，最为人们所钟情。遇婚丧大事可在院内临时
搭建大棚，以待宾客。抄手游廊把庭院分成几个大小空间，但分而不隔，互相渗透，增加了层次的虚实映衬和光影对比，也使得庭
院更符合人的日常生活尺度；家庭成员在这里得到交流，为创造亲切的生活情趣起了很大作用.
房的山墙上筑砖影壁一座，与大门组成一个小小的过渡空间。由此西转进入外院。大门之西正对民居中轴的南房称“倒座”，作客房，
外院还有男仆室及厨、厕；由外院通过一座垂花门式的中门进入方阔的内院，即全宅主院。
北面正房称“堂”，大多为三间，遵守着明清朝廷“庶民庐舍不过三间五架，不许用斗拱，饰彩色”的规定。正房开间和进深尺寸都比厢
房大，故体量最大。正房左右接出耳房，由尊者长辈居住。耳房前有小小的角院，十分安静，所以也常用作书房。这种一正房两耳
房的布局称作“纱帽翅”。正房前，院子两侧各建厢房，其前沿不超越正房山墙，所以院落宽度适中，空间感觉甚好。
厢房是后辈们的居室。正房、厢房朝向院子都有前廊，用"抄手游廊"把垂花门与这三座房屋的前廊连接起来，可以沿廊走通，不必经
过露天。廊边常设坐凳栏杆，可在廊内坐赏院中花树。所有房屋都采用青瓦硬山顶。正房之后有时有一长排"后照房"，或作居室，或
为杂屋。较大的民居可以在堂后再接出一座四合院，以居内眷。或更在全宅一侧接出另外一组四合院，也有的在一侧接出宅园.
北京四合院亲切宁静，有浓厚的生活气息，庭院方阔，尺度合宜，院中莳花置石，一般种植海棠树，列石榴盆景，以大缸养金鱼，
寓意吉利，是十分理想的室外生活空间，好比一座露天的大起居室，把天地拉近人心，最为人们所钟情。遇婚丧大事可在院内临时
搭建大棚，以待宾客。抄手游廊把庭院分成几个大小空间，但分而不隔，互相渗透，增加了层次的虚实映衬和光影对比，也使得庭
院更符合人的日常生活尺度；家庭成员在这里得到交流，为创造亲切的生活情趣起了很大作用.
北京四合院分大、中、小三种规格
大四合院
正房是前廊后厦，后边有罩房。东西厢房南边的花墙子中间有一座垂花门，门内是四扇木屏风，东西厢房都有抄手游廊，与垂
花门相通。有的花墙子在垂花门两旁，镶上两三个漏窗。正房与厢房之间，有圆月亮门儿，可以从过道到后院去，有的有过厅，可
以穿行。外院东西各有一道花墙，中间是月亮门儿，四扇绿油漆的木屏风，红斗方字，东边的是“动壁图书”，西边的是“西园翰墨”。
可以从这个门儿到跨院去。南房有穿山游廊，是以山墙开门，接起来的走廊。如此布局，形成了东西南北互相连通的几个院落。北
京最典型的大四合院是清朝时的那王府（在金鱼胡同）和恭王府（什刹海西街）等几个，壮观气派，还带花园。
中四合院
一般是正房五间或七间，屋里有木隔断或落地罩，有的正房和厢房带廊子。五间的是三间正房两间耳房，耳房是单开门，所谓
“三正两耳”。七间的，在正房和耳房之间，有两个与正房相通的（在山墙开门）套间儿。东西厢房各三间，厢房和耳房之间，有个
过道儿，可以通后院。东西厢房的南边，有一道院墙，把院子隔成里外院，都是砖地，雨过天晴的院子，不存水。院墙的正中间有
一个月亮门儿，为了不让外院儿的人一眼就看见里院，就在月亮门儿的后边，立一个砖砌的或木制的影壁。有的在院里摆几盆花，
摆个大鱼缸，夏天支搭天棚，在院里乘凉。老北京人说：天棚、鱼缸、石榴树。这是四合院夏天的情景。外院，东西各有鹿顶一间
或两间。鹿顶的房子比厢房稍小一些，用做厨房或是仆人们住。南房七间的格局，尽东头儿的一间是大门洞儿，大门西边的一间是
门房儿，房门开在大门洞的西山墙。尽西头儿的一间做车房或是做旁门。
全套房子，讲究的是磨砖对缝，黄松木架，风火双檐，屋里是方砖地，窗明几净。除鹿顶、耳房、车房外，都是上支下摘的窗
户。所谓“上支、下摘”就是上边的是两扇糊着高丽纸的窗户，外边的一扇，可以用两根细铁棍儿支起来。夏天，里面的那扇窗户，
换上冷布用以通风。到了冬天，外边的那一扇就不支了，挡风避寒。下边的一扇窗户，是整扇儿的大玻璃。外边另有一扇护窗板，
晚上把它挂上，早晨再摘下来。
小四合院
这种四合院布局简单，一般是北房（也叫正房）三间，屋里有隔断，分成一明两暗或是两暗一明。东西厢房个两间，南房（也
叫倒座）三间，都是卧砖到顶、起脊的瓦房。也有的小四合院是棋盘心的，或是仰瓦灰梗儿的。一家子两三辈儿人，住个小四合
院，独门独院，非常合适。家长住正房（上房、上屋），晚辈住厢房，南房作客厅后书房。院子里有砖铺的十字甬路，通到东西南
北房搭理屋门，屋门前都有台阶儿。街门都是东南方，很少在正南方开门，因为庙门都是立在南方的正中，全是清水脊的门楼儿，
两扇对着关的街门，各有一个小铁环儿，用它敲门使。
这种明清时代的主要建筑在今天林立的高楼大厦 中越来越少了，不过有一批已经被列为文物保护单位，它们是： 西城区西交民巷
87号、北新华街112号 西城区西四北大街六条23号 西城区西四北三条11号 西城区西四北三条19号 西城区前公用胡同15号 东城区
东四六条63——65号 东城区礼士胡同129号 东城区内务部街11号 东城区圆恩寺后街7号 东城区国祥胡同2号 东城区方家胡同15号
东城区府学胡同36号（包括交道口南大街小136号） 崇文区新开路20号。
大四合院
正房是前廊后厦，后边有罩房。东西厢房南边的花墙子中间有一座垂花门，门内是四扇木屏风，东西厢房都有抄手游廊，与垂
花门相通。有的花墙子在垂花门两旁，镶上两三个漏窗。正房与厢房之间，有圆月亮门儿，可以从过道到后院去，有的有过厅，可
以穿行。外院东西各有一道花墙，中间是月亮门儿，四扇绿油漆的木屏风，红斗方字，东边的是“动壁图书”，西边的是“西园翰墨”。
可以从这个门儿到跨院去。南房有穿山游廊，是以山墙开门，接起来的走廊。如此布局，形成了东西南北互相连通的几个院落。北
京最典型的大四合院是清朝时的那王府（在金鱼胡同）和恭王府（什刹海西街）等几个，壮观气派，还带花园。
中四合院
一般是正房五间或七间，屋里有木隔断或落地罩，有的正房和厢房带廊子。五间的是三间正房两间耳房，耳房是单开门，所谓
“三正两耳”。七间的，在正房和耳房之间，有两个与正房相通的（在山墙开门）套间儿。东西厢房各三间，厢房和耳房之间，有个
过道儿，可以通后院。东西厢房的南边，有一道院墙，把院子隔成里外院，都是砖地，雨过天晴的院子，不存水。院墙的正中间有
一个月亮门儿，为了不让外院儿的人一眼就看见里院，就在月亮门儿的后边，立一个砖砌的或木制的影壁。有的在院里摆几盆花，
摆个大鱼缸，夏天支搭天棚，在院里乘凉。老北京人说：天棚、鱼缸、石榴树。这是四合院夏天的情景。外院，东西各有鹿顶一间
或两间。鹿顶的房子比厢房稍小一些，用做厨房或是仆人们住。南房七间的格局，尽东头儿的一间是大门洞儿，大门西边的一间是
门房儿，房门开在大门洞的西山墙。尽西头儿的一间做车房或是做旁门。
全套房子，讲究的是磨砖对缝，黄松木架，风火双檐，屋里是方砖地，窗明几净。除鹿顶、耳房、车房外，都是上支下摘的窗
户。所谓“上支、下摘”就是上边的是两扇糊着高丽纸的窗户，外边的一扇，可以用两根细铁棍儿支起来。夏天，里面的那扇窗户，
换上冷布用以通风。到了冬天，外边的那一扇就不支了，挡风避寒。下边的一扇窗户，是整扇儿的大玻璃。外边另有一扇护窗板，
晚上把它挂上，早晨再摘下来。
小四合院
这种四合院布局简单，一般是北房（也叫正房）三间，屋里有隔断，分成一明两暗或是两暗一明。东西厢房个两间，南房（也
叫倒座）三间，都是卧砖到顶、起脊的瓦房。也有的小四合院是棋盘心的，或是仰瓦灰梗儿的。一家子两三辈儿人，住个小四合
院，独门独院，非常合适。家长住正房（上房、上屋），晚辈住厢房，南房作客厅后书房。院子里有砖铺的十字甬路，通到东西南
北房搭理屋门，屋门前都有台阶儿。街门都是东南方，很少在正南方开门，因为庙门都是立在南方的正中，全是清水脊的门楼儿，
两扇对着关的街门，各有一个小铁环儿，用它敲门使。
这种明清时代的主要建筑在今天林立的高楼大厦 中越来越少了，不过有一批已经被列为文物保护单位，它们是： 西城区西交民巷
87号、北新华街112号 西城区西四北大街六条23号 西城区西四北三条11号 西城区西四北三条19号 西城区前公用胡同15号 东城区
东四六条63——65号 东城区礼士胡同129号 东城区内务部街11号 东城区圆恩寺后街7号 东城区国祥胡同2号 东城区方家胡同15号
东城区府学胡同36号（包括交道口南大街小136号） 崇文区新开路20号。
感受胡同生活 追循老北京的脚步
了解北京城市历史和现状。尽览什刹海美丽的湖光山色, 了解胡同、四合院丰富的人文内涵，了解旧时贵族生活同普通百姓生
活的区别, 参观名人的故居。胡同游览增加了水陆交通。既保留了胡同游览的精华，乘坐三轮车，又享受乘橹船的乐趣。尽览什刹
海美丽的湖光山色
线路：参观鼓楼——银锭桥——什刹海——参观胡同——四合院——参观恭王府花园
了解北京城市历史和现状。尽览什刹海美丽的湖光山色, 了解胡同、四合院丰富的人文内涵，了解旧时贵族生活同普通百姓生
活的区别, 参观名人的故居。胡同游览增加了水陆交通。既保留了胡同游览的精华，乘坐三轮车，又享受乘橹船的乐趣。尽览什刹
海美丽的湖光山色
线路：参观鼓楼——银锭桥——什刹海——参观胡同——四合院——参观恭王府花园
Beijing’s Hutong (narrow alley) and Siheyuan
(courtyard house) 北京的胡同和四合院
As distinct as Beijing’s palaces, temples, and parks may be, it is the hutong (a
Mongolian word meaning water well) that ultimately set the city apart. Prior to
the 20th century, these narrow and often winding lanes were the city’s
dominant passageways. Old maps of Beijing show the city to be an immense
and intricate maze composed almost entirely of hutong, most no wider than 30
feet and some as narrow as 20 inches. Strolls into a hutong frequently reveal
ancient neighborhoods; brick and timber homes; courtyards full of children,
laobaixing (ordinary folk), and, in winter, mountains of cabbage and coal – not
to mention walkways so narrow pedestrians can’t pass two abreast.
Beijing’s other famous feature is the Siheyuan (Courtyard Houses) –
traditional dwellings typically composed of four single-story rectangular
buildings arranged around a central courtyard with a door at one corner.
Originally designed to house a single family, they now house up to five or six.
Despite the radical changes that are going on around the city, time seems to
stand still in these tiny alleyways. Hutongs have been around for more than
700 years. During imperial days, there were no signs marking the hutongs,
whose names were only passed on orally. Some are named after nation
heroes, some for their geographical location, and others for the businesses
that were once conducted there, such as Ganmian Huong (Dry Flour Alley).
(courtyard house) 北京的胡同和四合院
As distinct as Beijing’s palaces, temples, and parks may be, it is the hutong (a
Mongolian word meaning water well) that ultimately set the city apart. Prior to
the 20th century, these narrow and often winding lanes were the city’s
dominant passageways. Old maps of Beijing show the city to be an immense
and intricate maze composed almost entirely of hutong, most no wider than 30
feet and some as narrow as 20 inches. Strolls into a hutong frequently reveal
ancient neighborhoods; brick and timber homes; courtyards full of children,
laobaixing (ordinary folk), and, in winter, mountains of cabbage and coal – not
to mention walkways so narrow pedestrians can’t pass two abreast.
Beijing’s other famous feature is the Siheyuan (Courtyard Houses) –
traditional dwellings typically composed of four single-story rectangular
buildings arranged around a central courtyard with a door at one corner.
Originally designed to house a single family, they now house up to five or six.
Despite the radical changes that are going on around the city, time seems to
stand still in these tiny alleyways. Hutongs have been around for more than
700 years. During imperial days, there were no signs marking the hutongs,
whose names were only passed on orally. Some are named after nation
heroes, some for their geographical location, and others for the businesses
that were once conducted there, such as Ganmian Huong (Dry Flour Alley).
Famous Hutong Names:
- Dongsi Batiao: Dating back to the Ming dynasty, this hutong was once
home to Mei Lanfang, Beijing Opera’ most eminent star, and later held
the offices of Tian Han, composer of China’s national anthem.
- Yandai Xiejie (Tobacco Pipe lane, Yandai Alley, 烟袋斜街): East of
Yinding Qiao (Silver Ingot Bridge), now harbors the capital’s numerous
opium dens.
- Nanluoguxiang (南锣鼓巷) has a history of over 800 years with plenty of
bars, cafes, restaurants and shops.
- The Narrowest Hutong, Qianshi Hutong (Money Market Hutong, 钱市胡
同), is only 70 cm (28 in) wide.
Beijing's Siheyuan - Courtyard Homes
A siheyuan (Chinese: 四合院; pinyin: sìhéyuàn) is a historical type of residence that was commonly found throughout China,
most famously in Beijing. The name literally means a courtyard surrounded by four buildings. Courtyard houses epitomize
traditional Chinese architecture. Such courtyard residences have been typical since the Yuan dynasty.Throughout Chinese
history, the siheyuan composition was the basic pattern used for residences, palaces, temples, monasteries, family,
businesses and government offices. In ancient times, a spacious siheyuan would be occupied by a single, usually large and
extended family, signifying wealth and prosperity. Today, however, most remaining siheyuan are used as mass housing
complexes, and suffer from a lack of modern amenities.
A siheyuan (Chinese: 四合院; pinyin: sìhéyuàn) is a historical type of residence that was commonly found throughout China,
most famously in Beijing. The name literally means a courtyard surrounded by four buildings. Courtyard houses epitomize
traditional Chinese architecture. Such courtyard residences have been typical since the Yuan dynasty.Throughout Chinese
history, the siheyuan composition was the basic pattern used for residences, palaces, temples, monasteries, family,
businesses and government offices. In ancient times, a spacious siheyuan would be occupied by a single, usually large and
extended family, signifying wealth and prosperity. Today, however, most remaining siheyuan are used as mass housing
complexes, and suffer from a lack of modern amenities.
The hutongs are now fast disappearing, making way for the skyscrapers and city infrastructure. The best-preserved hutongs,
and the ones most likely to survive because of their popularity with tourists, are those found in the Houhai (Back lakes,
Shichahai) area, which was home to nobles during the Qing dynasty, and where you can still find some of their homes and
gardens. Pedicab tour companies offer to bike you around this area and take you inside a couple of courtyards, but they all
charge absurd rates. It’s much cheaper, and far more enjoyable, to walk on your own. Renting a bicycle is also a good option.
Bikes for rent can be found at several prominent places in the Qianhai/Houhai areas, you’ll have to leave a deposit, but the
hourly fees are very reasonable. Tandem bicycles are also available. Yinding Qiao (the Silver Ingot Bridge), which separates
the front and real lakes, is a good place to start.
and the ones most likely to survive because of their popularity with tourists, are those found in the Houhai (Back lakes,
Shichahai) area, which was home to nobles during the Qing dynasty, and where you can still find some of their homes and
gardens. Pedicab tour companies offer to bike you around this area and take you inside a couple of courtyards, but they all
charge absurd rates. It’s much cheaper, and far more enjoyable, to walk on your own. Renting a bicycle is also a good option.
Bikes for rent can be found at several prominent places in the Qianhai/Houhai areas, you’ll have to leave a deposit, but the
hourly fees are very reasonable. Tandem bicycles are also available. Yinding Qiao (the Silver Ingot Bridge), which separates
the front and real lakes, is a good place to start.
北京最具风情的 十大胡同
南锣鼓巷是北京东城区的一条很古老的街道，南锣鼓巷街道不宽，仍保持着元大都街巷、胡同的规划。其南口在地安门东大街，
北口在鼓楼大街。它始建于元朝，南北长约1000米，东西各有8条对称的胡同，整齐地排列在两侧，从外形看犹如一条蜈蚣，所以
又名“蜈蚣街”，是北京市重点保护的四合院街道。从南至北，东侧的八条胡同是：妙豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡
同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。西侧的八条胡同是：福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳
胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同。
烟袋斜街位于什刹海历史文化保护区的核心区内，东起地安门大街，西邻什刹海前海，全长近300米，被列为2007年重点建设
的八条特色商业街之一. 据说，当时居住在北城的旗人，大都嗜好抽旱烟或水烟，烟叶装在烟袋中。由于烟袋的需求与日俱增，所
以斜街上一户一户开起了烟袋铺。
帽儿胡同属北京市东城区交道口街道。东起南锣鼓巷，西至地安门外大街。北与豆角胡同相通，南与东不压桥胡同相通。明代称
梓潼庙文昌宫胡同，因有文昌宫而得名。清代因有制帽作坊，改称帽儿胡同。帽儿胡同7号、9号、11号院，原为清末大学士文煜
的宅园。13号院为冯国璋故居。35、37号院原为清宣统皇后婉容娘家、承恩公府，俗称娘娘府。45号院原为清代提督衙门。
帽儿胡同现存完好的四合院有：帽儿胡同5号、帽儿胡同9号(可园)、帽儿胡同11号(文煜宅)、帽儿胡同13号(冯国璋故居)、帽
儿胡同21号(梓潼庙文昌宫遗址)、帽儿胡同37号(婉容故居)、帽儿胡同45号(清提督衙门、民国保安队部)等。
在帽儿胡同的开头，还和有名的南锣鼓巷相交，过去一点还有著名的菊儿胡同，当年的军机首辅，大学士荣禄的府第就在那。
尾上那边有出名的烟袋胡同，所以您要是想来此游览，感受老北京城的那种气息，帽儿胡同是不错的选择。
称国子监，至今未变。虽然街两端的牌楼额坊题曰“成贤街”，却始终不能作为正式地名传播，大多数人都还不知道成贤街就是国子
监。1965年称国子监街。文革时称红日北路九条。国子监街保存着较好的旧京街巷的风貌。因孔庙和国子监在此而得名。1984年
定为北京市级文物保护单位。如今，国子监街是京城现存不多的古老街道之一，巍然耸立的牌楼，夹道的古槐，和两旁的大小宅
院、庙宇，古色古香，清幽恬静，古城韵味十足。
国子监街是北京仅存有牌楼的街道。街上有四座牌楼，东西街口各一座，额题“成贤街”，国子监附近左右各一座，额题“国子
监”。国子监始建于元大德十年(1306)，是元明清三代国家设立的最高学府，也是掌管国学政令的机关。
国子监经典景观：
孔庙，是元、明、清三代皇帝祭祀孔子的地方，内有进士碑林，共有石碑198座，上刻元、明、清三代进士5万余人的姓名，
袁崇焕、曾国藩等人的名字均在其上。孔庙内也有不少柏树。有一株位于大成殿西侧，相传明时的奸相严篙代嘉靖皇帝祭孔，行至
树下，被树枝掀掉了帽子。于是相传柏树有知，称此树为“除奸柏”。
琉璃厂位于宣武区。距天安门广场1公里。琉璃厂西起南北柳巷、东至延寿寺街，全长800米。辽金名为海王村，元、明时这里
开设官窑烧制修建皇宫用的琉璃瓦件，故称为“琉璃厂”。清康熙至乾隆年间，逐渐形成了集古玩精粹的著名文化街。清乾隆年间停
止烧窑，“琉璃厂”的名字保留至今。是一处著名的展示中国传统文化，特别是书画艺术的历史文化旅游景区。
琉璃厂必赏景观：
琉璃厂街上的许多店铺，不仅有着悠久的历史，而且也对中国的文化做出了重要的贡献。开设于咸丰年间的来薰阁是古书善本
经营的老店。现藏北京图书馆的《忠义水浒传》，就是此店捐赠的。北京大学图书馆藏《西厢记》，是迄今发现最早的完整刻本，
也是此店搜购到的。中国书店是全国成立最早的集收购、发行、出版为一体的国营古籍专业书店。有300余年历史的荣宝斋，于清
康熙十一年 (1672)创办，取“以文会友，荣名为宝”之意。其木刻水印知名于世,成为独家的“乱真艺术”。
金鱼胡同位于灯市口大街南侧，属东华门街道办事处管辖，呈东西走向。东起东单北大街，西止王府井大街，南与校尉胡同相
通，北邻西堂子胡同。全长567米，西口宽12米(东口宽44米)，沥青路面。今日金鱼胡同，道路宽敞，街道两旁是高大的台湾饭
庄、和平宾馆、王府饭店，昔日胡同景象早巳不存。
金鱼胡同必赏景观：
金鱼胡同北边最大的宅院是“那家花园”，今和平宾馆址，原是清末大学士那桐的府第。这位“爷”，姓叶赫那拉氏字琴轩，满洲
镶黄旗人，据说与慈禧沾亲。
东交民巷，是北京市东城区的一条胡同,旧时因这里是漕运地，所以原称东江米巷。胡同西起天安门广场东路，东至崇文门内大
街，全长近3公里，是老北京最长的一条胡同。
西交民巷位于西城区南部。东起天安门广场，西至北新华街，中与羊毛胡同、前细瓦厂胡同、辇儿胡同、平安胡同、人民大会
堂西路、兵部洼胡同相交。全长约1080米。
菊儿胡同位于东城区西北部，东起交道口南大街，西至南锣鼓巷，南邻后圆恩寺胡同，北与寿比胡同相通，属交道口街道办事
处管辖。
菊儿胡同必赏景观：
菊儿胡同内3号院，5号院，7号院是清直隶总督大学士荣禄府邸。3号院是祠堂，5号院是住宅，7号院是花园。荣禄后迁至东
厂胡同。7号院曾作过阿富汗大使馆。41号院原为寺庙。据传，庙里的开山和尚是皇帝的替僧。
八大胡同是老北京花街柳巷的代称，位于前门外大栅栏观音寺以西。“八大”是虚指，该地区至少有十五条胡同属于老北京的“红灯
区”。公认的八大胡同是：百顺胡同、胭脂胡同、韩家潭(现名韩家胡同)、陕西巷、石头胡同、王广福斜街(现名棕树斜街)、朱家胡
同、李纱帽胡同(现名大力胡同、小力胡同)。
八大胡同从来就不是一个法定地名。过去男人说去八大胡同，意识是告诉你他要“做什么”而不是“去哪里”。清末民初的八大胡
同有两个概念，从隘义上说，所谓八大胡同，并非某一条胡同的名称，而是由八条胡同组成的。因为中国人爱将同类事物归类然后
说个大概数，如天桥八大怪、唐宋八大家、八大祥、燕京八景。其实，“八”字在这里是个虚数，只是表示其多。这八条胡同位于前
门外大栅栏附近，因妓馆密集而成一大销金窟。
- 南锣鼓巷
南锣鼓巷是北京东城区的一条很古老的街道，南锣鼓巷街道不宽，仍保持着元大都街巷、胡同的规划。其南口在地安门东大街，
北口在鼓楼大街。它始建于元朝，南北长约1000米，东西各有8条对称的胡同，整齐地排列在两侧，从外形看犹如一条蜈蚣，所以
又名“蜈蚣街”，是北京市重点保护的四合院街道。从南至北，东侧的八条胡同是：妙豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡
同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。西侧的八条胡同是：福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳
胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同。
- 烟袋斜街
烟袋斜街位于什刹海历史文化保护区的核心区内，东起地安门大街，西邻什刹海前海，全长近300米，被列为2007年重点建设
的八条特色商业街之一. 据说，当时居住在北城的旗人，大都嗜好抽旱烟或水烟，烟叶装在烟袋中。由于烟袋的需求与日俱增，所
以斜街上一户一户开起了烟袋铺。
- 帽儿胡同
帽儿胡同属北京市东城区交道口街道。东起南锣鼓巷，西至地安门外大街。北与豆角胡同相通，南与东不压桥胡同相通。明代称
梓潼庙文昌宫胡同，因有文昌宫而得名。清代因有制帽作坊，改称帽儿胡同。帽儿胡同7号、9号、11号院，原为清末大学士文煜
的宅园。13号院为冯国璋故居。35、37号院原为清宣统皇后婉容娘家、承恩公府，俗称娘娘府。45号院原为清代提督衙门。
帽儿胡同现存完好的四合院有：帽儿胡同5号、帽儿胡同9号(可园)、帽儿胡同11号(文煜宅)、帽儿胡同13号(冯国璋故居)、帽
儿胡同21号(梓潼庙文昌宫遗址)、帽儿胡同37号(婉容故居)、帽儿胡同45号(清提督衙门、民国保安队部)等。
在帽儿胡同的开头，还和有名的南锣鼓巷相交，过去一点还有著名的菊儿胡同，当年的军机首辅，大学士荣禄的府第就在那。
尾上那边有出名的烟袋胡同，所以您要是想来此游览，感受老北京城的那种气息，帽儿胡同是不错的选择。
- 国子监街
称国子监，至今未变。虽然街两端的牌楼额坊题曰“成贤街”，却始终不能作为正式地名传播，大多数人都还不知道成贤街就是国子
监。1965年称国子监街。文革时称红日北路九条。国子监街保存着较好的旧京街巷的风貌。因孔庙和国子监在此而得名。1984年
定为北京市级文物保护单位。如今，国子监街是京城现存不多的古老街道之一，巍然耸立的牌楼，夹道的古槐，和两旁的大小宅
院、庙宇，古色古香，清幽恬静，古城韵味十足。
国子监街是北京仅存有牌楼的街道。街上有四座牌楼，东西街口各一座，额题“成贤街”，国子监附近左右各一座，额题“国子
监”。国子监始建于元大德十年(1306)，是元明清三代国家设立的最高学府，也是掌管国学政令的机关。
国子监经典景观：
孔庙，是元、明、清三代皇帝祭祀孔子的地方，内有进士碑林，共有石碑198座，上刻元、明、清三代进士5万余人的姓名，
袁崇焕、曾国藩等人的名字均在其上。孔庙内也有不少柏树。有一株位于大成殿西侧，相传明时的奸相严篙代嘉靖皇帝祭孔，行至
树下，被树枝掀掉了帽子。于是相传柏树有知，称此树为“除奸柏”。
- 琉璃厂
琉璃厂位于宣武区。距天安门广场1公里。琉璃厂西起南北柳巷、东至延寿寺街，全长800米。辽金名为海王村，元、明时这里
开设官窑烧制修建皇宫用的琉璃瓦件，故称为“琉璃厂”。清康熙至乾隆年间，逐渐形成了集古玩精粹的著名文化街。清乾隆年间停
止烧窑，“琉璃厂”的名字保留至今。是一处著名的展示中国传统文化，特别是书画艺术的历史文化旅游景区。
琉璃厂必赏景观：
琉璃厂街上的许多店铺，不仅有着悠久的历史，而且也对中国的文化做出了重要的贡献。开设于咸丰年间的来薰阁是古书善本
经营的老店。现藏北京图书馆的《忠义水浒传》，就是此店捐赠的。北京大学图书馆藏《西厢记》，是迄今发现最早的完整刻本，
也是此店搜购到的。中国书店是全国成立最早的集收购、发行、出版为一体的国营古籍专业书店。有300余年历史的荣宝斋，于清
康熙十一年 (1672)创办，取“以文会友，荣名为宝”之意。其木刻水印知名于世,成为独家的“乱真艺术”。
- 金鱼胡同
金鱼胡同位于灯市口大街南侧，属东华门街道办事处管辖，呈东西走向。东起东单北大街，西止王府井大街，南与校尉胡同相
通，北邻西堂子胡同。全长567米，西口宽12米(东口宽44米)，沥青路面。今日金鱼胡同，道路宽敞，街道两旁是高大的台湾饭
庄、和平宾馆、王府饭店，昔日胡同景象早巳不存。
金鱼胡同必赏景观：
金鱼胡同北边最大的宅院是“那家花园”，今和平宾馆址，原是清末大学士那桐的府第。这位“爷”，姓叶赫那拉氏字琴轩，满洲
镶黄旗人，据说与慈禧沾亲。
- 东交民巷
东交民巷，是北京市东城区的一条胡同,旧时因这里是漕运地，所以原称东江米巷。胡同西起天安门广场东路，东至崇文门内大
街，全长近3公里，是老北京最长的一条胡同。
- 西交民巷
西交民巷位于西城区南部。东起天安门广场，西至北新华街，中与羊毛胡同、前细瓦厂胡同、辇儿胡同、平安胡同、人民大会
堂西路、兵部洼胡同相交。全长约1080米。
- 菊儿胡同
菊儿胡同位于东城区西北部，东起交道口南大街，西至南锣鼓巷，南邻后圆恩寺胡同，北与寿比胡同相通，属交道口街道办事
处管辖。
菊儿胡同必赏景观：
菊儿胡同内3号院，5号院，7号院是清直隶总督大学士荣禄府邸。3号院是祠堂，5号院是住宅，7号院是花园。荣禄后迁至东
厂胡同。7号院曾作过阿富汗大使馆。41号院原为寺庙。据传，庙里的开山和尚是皇帝的替僧。
- 八大胡同
八大胡同是老北京花街柳巷的代称，位于前门外大栅栏观音寺以西。“八大”是虚指，该地区至少有十五条胡同属于老北京的“红灯
区”。公认的八大胡同是：百顺胡同、胭脂胡同、韩家潭(现名韩家胡同)、陕西巷、石头胡同、王广福斜街(现名棕树斜街)、朱家胡
同、李纱帽胡同(现名大力胡同、小力胡同)。
八大胡同从来就不是一个法定地名。过去男人说去八大胡同，意识是告诉你他要“做什么”而不是“去哪里”。清末民初的八大胡
同有两个概念，从隘义上说，所谓八大胡同，并非某一条胡同的名称，而是由八条胡同组成的。因为中国人爱将同类事物归类然后
说个大概数，如天桥八大怪、唐宋八大家、八大祥、燕京八景。其实，“八”字在这里是个虚数，只是表示其多。这八条胡同位于前
门外大栅栏附近，因妓馆密集而成一大销金窟。
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